Essay writing my best friend
Thursday, August 27, 2020
261 End of Huck Finn and The Yellow Wallpaper Professor Ramos Blog
261 End of Huck Finn and The Yellow Wallpaper Huck Finn Ending Fast Write Is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn still pertinent today? Why or why not? Huck Finn Ending Keynote speakers Jocelyn Chadwick, writer of The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1860-1935 Charlotte Perkins Gilman Biography The Yellow Wallpaper 1892 The Yellow Wallpaper (Short Film)
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Writing Essay Online
Writing Essay OnlineDo you want to write an essay online? If so, here are a few tips and ideas that will help you achieve this goal.* Creating your essay from the ground up is one of the easiest ways to begin. In this manner, you can focus all of your attention on the writing and you will get a greater sense of achievement as a result. In addition, if you don't create your essay from the ground up, you could simply be missing out on some of the opportunities that writing software has to offer.* Finally, look for something that you can work with. There are many online programs that provide extensive learning opportunities and a lot of writing practice tools. Instead of jumping right into the thick of things, try using an online program that will allow you to work on a single topic until you are comfortable with it.* If you are already an experienced writer, you can also use an online program to help you with the writing of your essay online. Most online programs offer basic content an d grammar assistance but do not make suggestions regarding the style or point of view of the writing. You will still need to develop your own style and point of view. As a result, you will need to spend a lot of time reviewing your notes.* After you have begun the writing of your essay online, be sure to take some time to rewrite it as you go along. Make sure to revise your essays at least twice a week. This will ensure that you are consistently improving your essay until you have completed it in the best possible way.* The essay you write will be different depending on whether you are writing essay online for yourself or for another person. For example, if you are writing for a friend, it will probably be a lot easier for you to 'guide' the person by writing what they want to read. As a result, you can use the writing software to help you write in a way that makes sense to your intended reader.* If you are writing for yourself, be sure to discuss your topic and how you would like t o approach it in your essay online. Think about the format that will be most likely to make you proud of the essay. It should be clear and should not require a great deal of interpretation on your part.When you are ready to begin writing your essay online, consider the above guidelines. You will find that it will be a much more fulfilling experience when you take the time to research the techniques that are required to write the essays online.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Economics of the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Financial aspects of the Environment - Essay Example Specific issues incorporate the expense and advantages of option ecological strategies to manage air contamination, water quality, and poisonous substances, Solid waste, and an Earth-wide temperature boost (Hanely, Shogern and White, 2001). A portion of the significant undertakings, which have generous ecological effects, is Afforestation of Surplus agrarian land, hydroelectric plans, Building, or augmenting streets, developing another Airport and Manufacturing vehicles. All the above ventures are probably going to produce generous Environmental expenses and additionally advantages, and they can be considered as Potential Investment. Potential Investment: A Potential Investment can be characterized as the Investment made by a financial specialist for development (benefit) of his/her interests in a firm or in an undertaking. Speculators search for proof that, we can truly deliver development in our task, and they search for three significant things before contributing, astounding deve lopment potential, extraordinary degree of profitability, up to 25% to 45% and an approach to get their cash out. We need to give them how our chance will convey every one of the three, and doing so will be a potential venture made by a financial specialist in our firm or in a task. A Potential Investment can likewise be a colossal venture, which substantially affects nature. It very well may be a Hydroelectric venture, Afforestation task, Building or enlarging streets, developing another air terminal, and Manufacturing vehicles. As these ventures, have numerous effects, for example, on condition, for benefit of a speculator, open accommodation and some more. At the point when a task is been begun, they are numerous estimation accomplished for various reason, for example, benefit, low introductory cost, higher proficiency of the undertaking, simple support, and so forth... In expansion, for doing such figuring diverse numerical, hypothetical, proportion examination and scientific techniques, for example, CBA (cost valuable investigation) and CEA (cost adequacy examination) are been use. For this task, we select Afforestation of surplus horticultural land as our major venture, which manages planting of trees ashore that didn't convey timberland for quite a long time, for example Afforestation is an away from in land utilization of a specific region. Afforestation in type of planting trees also, future upkeep is a speculation for landowner, and conceivable renounced incomes from Farming should be incorporated. Afforestation of previous arable land will have numerous positive ecological impacts. The change from farming to ranger service implies less contribution of pesticides and Manures that may potentially filter to ground water holds and the foundation of natural surroundings for species related with woods. Backwoods' likewise ready to more readily hold nitrogen from arable use in the biological system, consequently maintaining a strategic distance from eutrophication of water saves. In this paper, we show how CBA can be utilized as a choice help component for the area of new (urban) forestland, beginning from the multifunctional job of these new woodlands. We start with a straightforward introduction of the Money saving advantage examination (CBA) strategy. Key highlights of these assessment procedures are that (I) evaluate the financial estimation all things considered and cost (ii) the issue of limiting and (iii) the choice principles utilized in CBA. At last, we apply the CBA to a genuine arrangement issue. We explore the net advantages per Hectare of mixes of potential timberlands that meet the surface limitation of 540 ha. We show the significance of incorporating diversion benefits in the assessment of afforestation undertakings and all the more explicitly the job of elective woods (substitutes) in the valuation of one explicit Forest. We find that this replacement impact is huge in the choice
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Article Review The Terror Of Tiny Town - 1528 Words
This semester I was able to learn many things by adopting and editing a Wikipedia page. Most composition classes would never use Wikipedia, but in this class we were able to utilize it to learn. This semester the class was told to pick an article, and it would be theirs to edit for the rest of the semester. My article was over the musical cult-western film called The Terror of Tiny Town, which was the only film to feature an all dwarf cast. By adopting this Wikipedia page, I was presented with challenges that other students did not face, and they were presented with challenges that was unique to their page. I did not have a problem keeping my edits on the page, but the article is not popular so there has not been much reaction to the page. I had to learn how to do research over a topic that is not popular, and any information on the topic was hard to find in reliable places. Furthermore, I learned how to do basic coding on Wikipedia, something I had no idea how to do before. After my experiences, I would suggest using Wikipedia as a teaching tool. Editing Wikipedia can teach students how to research information and be able to put it in a place for the whole world to see, edit, and critique. Prior to the edits that I made on the page, there was a lot of information that was lacking. The Wikipedia page showed a list of the cast, the plot summary, the reception, and it has the full movie available to watch, but the information given did not do the movie justice, and the pageShow MoreRelatedArticle Review : The Terror Of Tiny Town 1537 Words à |à 7 Pageswas told to pick an article and it would be theirs to edit for the rest of the semester. My article was over the musical cult-western film called The Terror of Tiny Town, which was the only film to feature an all dwarf cast. By adopting this Wikipedia page, I was presented with challenges that other students did not face, and they were presented with challenges that was unique to their page. I did not have a problem keeping my edits on the page, but unfortunately the article is not popular, so thereRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words à |à 155 PagesPI1 Explaining Dubai9sDevelopment Outcome Why Not Other Gulf States? Dubai versus the Development Literature IV Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Introduction Dubai, a tiny, oil-exporting city-state located in the Persian Gulf, has recently undergone a remarkable transformation. As a member of a federation of small Arab, Islamic monarchies known as the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), its leaders have implemented a boldRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 PagesSpodekââ¬â¢s discussions of the influence of prominent urban planners and architectsââ¬â including Le Corbusier and the Chicago Schoolââ¬âurban preservation and the city as the locus of global cultural development, and the ways in which slums and shanty towns have morphed into long-term homes and viable communities for perhaps a majority of urban dwellers worldwide in the last half of the twentieth century. Broadly conceived and remarkably comprehensive, Bonnie Smithââ¬â¢s essay provides an overview of theRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words à |à 287 Pagesbeast. Each forms one school of thought. These ten chapters are framed by this first chapter, which introduces the schools as well as some ideas about strategy itself, and a last chapter which returns to the whole beast. Why Ten? In a colorful article entitled The Magic Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information, psychologist George Miller (1956) asked why we tend to favor a quantity of about seven for categorizing thingsââ¬âfor example seven wondersRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words à |à 846 PagesClarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universityââ¬â¢s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words à |à 57 Pageswhich words are frequent in written and spoken English, and enable them to focus more attention on mastering the meanings, grammatical patterns and collocations of these words. 2 LONGMAN COMMUNICATION 3000 Longman Communication 3000 a indefinite article, determiner S1, W1 abandon v W3 ability n S2, W1 able adj S1, W1 about prep S1, W1 about adv S1, W1 above adv, prep S2, W1 above adj W3 abroad adv S2, W3 absence n S3, W2 absolute adj S2, W3 absolutely adv S1, W3 absorb v W3 abuse n S2, W3 academicRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words à |à 760 Pages....................................................................................................... 5 Examples of Good Reasoning............................................................................................................. 14 Review of Major Points ....................................................................................................................... 17 Glossary .................................................................................................Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words à |à 518 Pages(UCLA, 1968) has done something to fill the gap2. As the title implies, this is a work for learners, and the vocabulary is therefore restricted, although the words included are freely and helpfully illustrated in sentences. The authors include a brief review of four earlier Igbo works concerned partly or wholly with lexicography (Adams 1932, Swift and others 1962, Green and Igwe 1963, Ogbalu 1962), and their comments will not be repeated here. Several works can, however, be added to the list; The earliestRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pagesraised $1.65 million. Those initial investors ended up earning a one hundred-to-one return on their investment.4 Within six months, the first Il Giornale store was serving more than 1,000 customers a day. With profound relief, Schultz found that the tiny 700-square-foot store had become a gathering place, just as were those coffee bars in Italy that had so impressed him. He opened two more stores, including one in Vancouver, and by mid-1987 sales were around $500,000 for each store. Then in AugustRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words à |à 337 PagesDisaster government while reaching an understanding with Union Carbide. Therefore those in the remaining 20 wards are being denied .compensation. Referring to the AR Antulay Committee s recommendations, Gaur said that the Committee also suggested review of the Centre s decision. At a Group of Ministers meeting in Delhi, the Centre later recommended inclusion of all the wards for compensation. However, compensation has been provided to all those who submitted medical certificates, he pointed out
Friday, May 15, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Actions Of Vitamin D Other Than Those On Bone
Essay: Discuss the actions of Vitamin D other than those on bone. Abstract: Vitamin D (VD) is known to be involved in absorption of calcium in the gut with deficiency in VD playing a part in many bone related disorders like rickets and osteoporosis. Less known are the other beneficial health effects VD may have. VD has shown to have a positive effective on the immune system by not assisting the innate and adaptive immune response, but by also dulling the autoimmune response. This may be important in fighting disease like TB where VD deficiency is an issue. There also appear to be mechanisms that assist disease states such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes that VD may assist in however these studies are inconclusive and further study is required. à ¬Ã ¬____________________________________________________________________________ Vitamins are essential molecules needed by the body for normal growth and development (Nlm.nih.gov, 2014). One such vitamin is the fat-soluble Vitamin D (VD) which assists in the absorption of calcium and exists in 2 forms, Vitamin D3 (VD3) and Vitamin D2 (VD2) (Nlm.nih.gov, 2014; Garg, Lubel, Sparrow, Holt Gibson, 2012). VD3 is primary sourced for humans is its synthesis in human skin, with 7-dehydroxycholesterol being converted to VD3 on exposure to UV light, usually from sunlight. VD3 can also be obtained from some animal sources like egg yolk or oily fish whereas VD2 is obtained from plant sources, with the VD referring to the summationShow MoreRelatedOsteoporosis Malady And Its Counteractive Action1627 Words à |à 7 Pagess bones making them diminish in their thickness and be more powerless against crack. It has been turned out to be specifically identified with the mass of bones that an individual figures out how to accomplish amid both his/her adolescence and pre-adult phas es of life. Specialists have kept on stressing the preventive way to deal with this sickness urging folks to guarantee that their youngsters hone sound propensities which, as they accentuate, can actually lead them to breaking their bones amidRead MoreThe Four Basic Food Molecules989 Words à |à 4 Pagesis a group of atoms bonded together that represent the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. (http://www.dictionary.com) In kitchen chemistry today, there are many types of food molecules such as minerals, vitamins, fiber, and water. But there are four molecules that people refer to as food, also known as the four basic food molecules, which can be used to produce energy which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol which is not considered a basicRead MoreThe Nutritional Influences Of The Adult Human Skeleton1743 Words à |à 7 PagesTwo hundred and six individual bones compose the adult human skeleton. In addition to providing st ructure and protection for our most vital organs, bones store minerals and aid in blood cell production. They are considered to be just as much a vital organ as the heart or liver. Under normal circumstances, throughout a personââ¬â¢s life as older bone is broken broken down it is immediately rebuilt and replaced but when there is an imbalance in this delicate cycle the bones integrity becomes compromisedRead MoreInvestigating The Three Hormones Involved During The Regulation Of Plasma Calcium Concentration1192 Words à |à 5 Pageslevels of calcium, it is essential for several important cell functions, such as muscular contraction, cellular signalling, exocytosis and bone composition. Therefore, it is necessary that the concentration of the ion in the blood stream is kept within a considerably strict range. Besides the dietary calcium intake, the human body is capable of maintaining those levels through a variety of endocrine mechanisms. The main hormones that play a role in the regulation of plasma calcium concentration areRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency: A Major Cause of Concern in Ireland 2707 Words à |à 11 PagesYes, Vitamin D deficiency has indeed become a major cause of concern in Ireland as it has recently been highlighted that most Irish people are deficient in this essential vitamin. According to the Irish Osteoporosis society 74% of Irish adults and 88% of Irish primary school children, have less than half of the recommended daily amount of vitamin D. As well as bone health problems deficiency has recently shown cause cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This can be defined as a majorRead MoreSkeletal Disorder: Osteoporosis2999 Words à |à 12 PagesPurpose of the Study 2 Hypothesis 3 Significance of the Study 3 Limitations of the Study 4 Physical Activity 4 The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency 6 Preventing Osteoporosis and Social Cognitive Theory 9 Personal factors 9 Social Factor 11 Introduction Osteoporosis is a medical term used for skeletal disorder. Patients with this disorder suffer with decreased and decreasing bone strength and vitality; hence the patient is in risk for frequent fractures during their rest of life, also they are risk forRead MoreCurrent Treatments And Compliance : Osteoporosis Can Be Detected By Using Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry ) Scans1630 Words à |à 7 Pagescurrently the gold standard for assessing bone mineral density. Once the elderly have found out they have osteoporosis, most turn to traditional therapies which include biphosphonates. Biphosphonates are the most widely used drug for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. According to Mamtani and Kulkarni (2009), biphosphonates inhibit osteoclast actions that reduce bone resorption. In simpler terms, these drugs increase bone mineral density and decrease bone breakdown in individuals. It also reducesRead MoreWe Need A Surplus Of Money For Our Bank Accounts At The End Of The Month Essay 3707 Words à |à 15 Pagesvacation. A logical way to achieve this is to live a frugal lifestyle which will increase your cash flow each month. Stay Home More Gas prices are at an all time high. Running the roads will use up gasoline and will cause you to spend more money than necessary. Plan to run errands on a certain day of the week or participate in a fun activity once a week. This will drastically decrease your time in the car and will save you money. On the days that you need to run errands, plan your route so thatRead MoreLiving Matter Consumed By The Body Operates4167 Words à |à 17 Pagesthe body operates. Produce substances needed for the formation of new tissue, encouraging growth. Transform the energy contained in food into heat, movement and work. Food classification by origin: By origin foods are classified into three groups: Those of plant origin: vegetables, fruits, cereals. The animal: meat, milk, eggs. The mineral source: water and mineral salts. Each of these foods provide our bodies substances that are essential to its operation and development. These substances are: CarbohydratesRead MoreVitamin A and Multiple Scolorosis1385 Words à |à 6 PagesVitamin A and Multiple Sclerosis There is countless research that widely associates vitamin D and vitamin A in possibly decreasing adverse effects of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although, vitamin A is not as popular in research as vitamin D it has shown in certain trials to be beneficial to patients suffering from MS, but more commonly there is a positive link to vitamin A in animal trials of treating experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) the animal version of MS, . Vitamin A is a fat- soluble
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Malaysia Response in Financial Crisis 1997 free essay sample
The Response for Malaysia during Financial Crisis in 1997-1998 If we went back to the dark ages of financial crisis in Asia, we should thank our forth prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Bin Mohamad for the decision that he have done. When all of the Asian countriesââ¬â¢ face this problem, some countries do response to solve the crisis. The traditional policy response to financial difficulties has been to seek assistance from the IMF for improving the situation. For such assistance the countries in trouble invariably have to undertake economic and financial reforms, impart more transparency to government spending, and make the necessary macroeconomic adjustments. They must initiate measures to revitalize their economic and monetary systems. Thailand and Indonesia took steps to remedy their weaknesses. Korea too joined in. But these countries soon found the crisis beyond their control, and decided to seek assistance from the IMF. Following the IMF conditions for the help, these countries had to implement tight monetary and fiscal policies, and had to enforce the prescribed structural reformations, particularly in the financial sector. The appointment of Tan Sri Nor Mohamedà Yakcop as Finance Minister II brought back to mind the innovative package of policy measures that Malaysia embarked upon in the dark days of the financial crisis of 1997-2000. The then Prime Minster Tun Mahathir Mohamed took the bold political decisions to introduce and enforce the measures. It was politically and technically a courageous act, as the policies flew in the face of orthodoxy and Dr Mahathir and Malaysia were condemned by the global establishment when they were introduced. Nor Mohammed is credited for explaining the mechanics of the international currency trade to Dr Mahathir and for working out the details and mechanisms of important parts of the policy package, especially the fixing of the ringgit peg to the US dollar, the selective foreign exchange controls and de-internationalisation of the ringgit. Today, the Malaysian measures are widely praised for being innovative and effective. The same International Monetary Fund that heaped skepticism on them has acknowledged that useful lessons can be learnt from the Malaysian experience. History will recognize the Malaysian measures as a landmark as they posed a systematic challenge and a practical alternative to the orthodox policies promoted by the ââ¬Å"Washington Consensusâ⬠, or the group of powerful institutions like the IMF, the World Bank and the US Treasury. Many people today point to the Malaysian measures to show that alternative ways of resolving financial and economic crises are possible, do exist and can work even better than the orthodox policies. Malaysia was luckier than other countries affected by the crisis, like Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea. We were not in a debt default situation, and thus did not have to turn to the IMF for loans. Those countries had to obey the IMF, and lost their policy autonomy. The result was high interest rates, continued currency depreciation, and deregulation of foreign ownership that led to the foreign takeover of many local assets. Initially Malaysia also voluntarily took on IMF-type policies. But this did not work, as the high interest rates added to the corporate and banking crisis; the flexible exchange policy enabled the ringgit to depreciate (at one time almost touching five ringgit to the dollar);à the freedom of capital mobility allowed funds to flow out;à and the cutbacks in government expenditure added to recessionary pressures. In 1998, a year after the start of the crisis, the Malaysian model was introduced. This package comprised: * The core macroeconomic measures of interest rates, monetary and fiscal policies. Interest rates were significantly reduced, allowing firms and consumers to breathe again and then to borrow, thus improving investment and consumption conditions. The statutory reserve requirement was reduced to increase liquidity, and banks were encouraged to increase lending. And government boosted its spending, to get the economy moving again when the private sector was in the doldrums. These measures are consistent with the policies advocated by the great English economist John Maynard Keynes and are an integral part of Economics textbooks. They are taken by the US administration when the US is in recession. But they are forbidden to countries borrowing from the IMF, which has insisted on a combination of high interest rates, tight money flows, and government expenditure cuts. Thus ironically the Malaysian economic policies were seen as ââ¬Å"radicalâ⬠when they should be considered as standard Keynesian anti-recession policies. 1. Stabilising the exchange rate. The ringgit was fixed at 3. 80 to the US dollar, thus ending the previous flexible exchange rate system. This put an end to currency fluctuations and speculation. It allowed the macroeconomic policies to be implemented, and prevented a possible debt servicing crisis, which could have occurred if the ringgit had depreciated to below a certain level, as happened for example in Indonesia. 2. Closing down the overseas trade of the ringgit, and the trade in Singapore of Malaysian shares. This put an end to speculative activities in the currency and in local shares. 3. Regulating capital flows, particularly short-term capital outflows by foreigners and local citizens. Measures included an initial one-year moratorium on outflow of foreign portfolio capital and foreign-owned financial assets denominated in ringgit. Restrictions were placed on capital transfers by local citizens and companies. The restrictions did not apply to the flow of funds relating to foreign direct investment, nor to trade. These regulations were removed a few years later. 1. Maintaining financial stability by deciding on a policy of not closing down financial institutions facing difficulties, and announcing that the government would guarantee deposits placed in banks and finance companies. This prompted depositors to retain confidence in the banking system, unlike in other countries where bank closures (insisted on by the IMF) led to a run on the system and to capital flight. 2. Restructuring and recapitalizing the banking and corporate sectors to enable a recovery in the micro-economy. Among the measures were the establishment and work of Danaharta (an asset management company) to deal with the non-performing loans problem,à Danamodal (a special agency) to recapitalize troubled financial institutions and the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee to restructure corporate debt 3. Revitalising the various economic sectors affected by the crisis. 4. Maintaining certain key economic and social policies, in particular the regulation of foreign ownership of assets, subsidies and price controls, policies relating to distribution and balance among local ethnic communities. If Malaysia had to turn to the IMF, it would have had to end many of these policies, and there might have been social chaos. But instead the country could continue to regulate the entry and degree of participation of foreign investors in the domestic economy. It could assist local firms and financial institutions facing financial difficulties. The policy of striving for balance in the distribution of assets and equity between locals and foreigners and among the local communities (the New Economic Policy) was basically maintained. Socially-oriented policies could continue, such as price controls on essential consumer items and subsidies on consumer items and to farmers. The government was also able to maintain its own policies on privatization, and on the extent and rate of financial and trade liberalization. Many countries taking IMF loans were pressurized to give up policies such as the above, and this led in some cases to social unrest. There are thus some important lessons from the Malaysian policy response to the crisis. Mainly, there are alternatives to the IMF policies. The Malaysian case shows that such an alternative approach exists, and can be applied in a relatively successful manner with good results. In addition, having policy space and flexibility is important to a developing country. The Malaysian experience also shows that if a country is able to avoid turning to the IMF, it can be free of being in the straightjacket of the IMFââ¬â¢s mainly one-size-fits-all policies, and can choose its own policies and also change them if they are found to be unsuitable. Other than that, a coherent anti-crisis strategy should be seen as an integrated package of its elements and policies. Policy makers sometime facing dilemmas and problems as there are multiple goals and the same policy instrument meant to achieve one goal definitely may give a negative impact on other goals. In fact, when there are many complex trade-offs happened, it is useful to apply the concept of ââ¬Å"think outside the boxâ⬠and seek new or extraordinary policy or solutions that might be available. In the Malaysian case, the various policy elements should be seen as parts of an integrated approach, or of a whole policy package. Thus, each element should be considered not only on its own merits or for its own role to achieve a particular goal, but also for its function of having an effect on another goal. A particular element or policy may not have the same successful intended effect, unless done together with some other element of policy. Thus, the inter-relationship of the elements and the interaction with one another should be appreciated. As example, reducing the interest rate was important for rescuing the micro economy and reviving the real economy; but doing so would have brought down the ringgitââ¬â¢s exchange rate and threatened the country with a debt default situation. The interest rate had therefore to be separated from the exchange rate. A new policy instrumentââ¬âfixing the exchange rateââ¬âwas then introduced. However, this step would have been not enough as speculation on the currency could still take place in ringgit offshore markets; and capital flight could also threaten the foreign reserves position and maintenance of the exchange rate would be unsustainable. During the end of 1997, ratings had fallen from investment grade to rubbish, the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) had lost more than 50% from above 1,200 to fewer than 600, and the ringgit had lost 50% of its value, falling from above 2. 0 to under 4. 57 on (Jan 23, 1998) to the dollar. Then, the hero of Malaysian, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad imposed strict capital controls and introduced a 3. 80 peg against the US dollar. Therefore, besides that, the stabilization of the currency also required two additional policy instrumentsââ¬âending the overseas speculation by banning the currencyââ¬â¢s trade abroad; and introducing selective capital co ntrols to regulate the outflows and inflows of funds. Therefore, beginning with even one major policy goal (reviving the local companies and the local economy) and a single policy tool (interest rate reduction), the Malaysian strategy also eventually involved several other policy tools and goals. On the other hand, to appreciate the brilliance of the Malaysian model, it is vital to see the role or roles played by each element, and to recognize that each of the measures was part of an integral policy package. Perhaps Malaysians are still too close in time and in geography to be able to distance ourselves and appreciate the full value of the Malaysian model. There were also many measures on the downside, such as the wastage in resources and inappropriateness of some of the rescue operations, especially in the big companies. These situations were heavily criticized at the time as cases of favouritism and cronyism and as a waste of public funds. In the past two years, Nor Mohamed played an important role in his position as Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister to rearrange the structure, ownership and management of several of the companies, and therefore helped in providing a better image to Malaysian citizen and corporate companies. The Malaysian crisis management strategy was the effect not only of one or two people but a team led by Tun Mahathir and comprising Ministers, the National Economic Action Council and its secretariat, and the key government agencies and Ministries. The Economic Advisor of Prime Minister, Nor Mohamed played a vital role mainly in the elements that involve the currency and the selective capital controls. For the public and citizen of Malaysia, they expect that the capabilities owned by Prime Minister and his team have higher potential and expectations that heir skills will be well used to properly leading the finances and economy of the country for the betterment in the future. What Can we Learnt from the Financial Crisis in 1997-2000 Despite of having the worst area of financial during 1997-2000, Malaysian citizen should be very thankful regarding the best decision made by the most powerful man of the country; the Prime Minister. If we can go back to the past, we can easily define the risk taking by our Prime Minister those days, Tun Dr Mahathir Bin Mohamad was a suicidal mission. Most of the countries that affected by the financial crisis will definitely seek for financial help and financial recommendations from IMF as they have no more idea. However, in Malaysiasââ¬â¢ situation, we actually created a new solution that backs the roles of IMF itself. During those days, IMF was known and defined as the only solution that they have. For us, to be a leader for our country, determination and risk taking is ultimately important. Other than that, talking about lesson learn, especially in term of economic, the currency rate, and stock exchange do act as key roles for some country to excel in business and financial management. Nowadays, the country that not manipulate their currency itself and hoping 100% on IMF have a slow economic development. That is the only thing that makes us, as a Malaysian proud of our forth Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad. References 1. http://www. treasury. gov. my/index. php? ption=com_contentview=articleid=885%3Athe-financial-crisis-of-1997-1998-by-nor-mohamed-yakcopcatid=53%3AucapanItemid=251lang=my Retrieved on 15th August 2011 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis Retrieved on 15th August 2011 3. http://www. irti. org/irj/go/km/docs/documents/IDBDevelopments/Internet/English/IRTI/CM/downloads/IES_Articles/Vol%209-2.. Zuabir%20Hasan.. The%201997-98%20Financial%20Crisis%20in%20Malaysia. pdf Retrieved on 16th August 2011 . Kaufman, GG. , Krueger, TH. , Hunter, WC. (1999) The Asian Financial Crisis: Origins, Implications and Solutions. Springer. ISBN 0-7923-8472-5 Retrieved on 14th August 2011 5. http://www. twnside. org. sg/title2/gtrends1. htm Retrieved on 14th August 2011 [ 1 ]. http://www. irti. org/irj/go/km/docs/documents/IDBDevelopments/Internet/English/IRTI/CM/downloads/IES_Articles/Vol%209-2.. Zuabir%20Hasan.. The%201997-98%20Financial%20Crisis%20in%20Malaysia. pdf
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